VLDL Cholesterol
Very low-density lipoprotein that carries triglycerides
16 of 22 providers
Lipid Panel / Cardiovascular Health
Normal:5-40 mg/dL
What is VLDL Cholesterol?
Very Low-Density Lipoprotein cholesterol (VLDL-C) represents the cholesterol content within VLDL particles, which are produced by the liver to transport triglycerides and cholesterol to tissues throughout the body. VLDL particles are the largest and least dense of the lipoproteins, consisting primarily of triglycerides (about 50-65% by weight) with smaller amounts of cholesterol, phospholipids, and proteins. As VLDL travels through the bloodstream, enzymes remove triglycerides, converting VLDL into smaller, denser particles that eventually become LDL.
VLDL-C is typically not directly measured in standard lipid panels but is calculated using the Friedewald equation:VLDL-C=Triglycerides ÷ 5 (in mg/dL). This calculation assumes a fixed ratio between triglycerides and cholesterol in VLDL particles, which holds reasonably well when triglycerides are below 400 mg/dL. When triglycerides are very high, this calculation becomes less accurate, and direct VLDL measurement via ultracentrifugation or advanced testing (NMR, ion mobility) may be needed.
Elevated VLDL-C indicates increased hepatic production of triglyceride-rich particles, often associated with metabolic syndrome, insulin resistance, obesity, and high carbohydrate intake. While VLDL itself contributes to atherosclerosis, elevated VLDL also leads to increased small dense LDL particles and decreased HDL levels—a particularly atherogenic lipid pattern. VLDL-C is closely linked to triglycerides, and interventions that lower triglycerides typically reduce VLDL proportionally.
Why VLDL Cholesterol Is Essential
- Marker of hepatic triglyceride and lipoprotein production
Optimal vs Standard Ranges
Optimal<15 mg/dL▼
Indicates excellent triglyceride metabolism and insulin sensitivity.
Normal15-25 mg/dL▼
Within standard reference range.
Very Low<5 mg/dL▼
Typically not concerning;may reflect low triglyceride levels.
Elevated>30 mg/dL▼
Contributes to atherogenic dyslipidemia;often elevated with high triglycerides.
Scientific Evidence
Carbohydrate Restriction and VLDL Reduction
Clinical trials demonstrating that low-carbohydrate diets significantly reduce hepatic VLDL production and VLDL-C levels, with effects appearing within days to weeks of dietary change.
Omega-3 Effects on VLDL
Meta-analysis showing that omega-3 fatty acids reduce VLDL production and triglycerides by 20-50%, with dose-dependent effects and greatest benefits at doses ≥2g EPA+DHA daily.
Source:Harris et al., "Omega-3 Fatty Acids and Cardiovascular Disease,"Arteriosclerosis, Thrombosis, and Vascular Biology, 2008
Fibrates for VLDL and Triglyceride Lowering
Clinical trials demonstrating that fibrate medications effectively reduce VLDL and triglycerides through increased lipoprotein lipase activity and reduced hepatic VLDL production, particularly beneficial in metabolic syndrome.
Source:Staels et al., "Mechanism of Action of Fibrates on Lipid and Lipoprotein Metabolism,"Circulation, 1998
Source:
Which Providers Test VLDL Cholesterol?
Full Provider Comparison
| Provider | Includes | Annual Cost | Biomarkers |
|---|---|---|---|
 Superpower | ✓ | $199 | 100+ (150 with ratios) |
 WHOOP Advanced Labs | — | $349 | 65 |
 Labcorp OnDemand | — | $398 | 30+ |
| ✓ | $486 | 40+ | |
| — | $444 | 288 | |
| ✓ | $349 | 100+ | |
| — | $761 | 54 | |
 Function Health | ✓ | $365 | 160+ |
| ✓ | $250 | 65 | |
| ✓ | $495 | 70+ | |
| ✓ | $895 | 100+ | |
| ✓ | $1950 | 150+ | |
| ✓ | $375 | 80+ | |
| — | $Varies | 75+ | |
| ✓ | $190 | 100+ | |
| — | $99 | 50 | |
| ✓ | $124 | 60 | |
| ✓ | $199 | 50 | |
| ✓ | $499 | 120+ | |
| ✓ | $4188 | 70-80+ | |
| ✓ | $375 | 85 | |
| ✓ | $700 | 128 |
Frequently Asked Questions
What is VLDL Cholesterol?
Very low-density lipoprotein that carries triglycerides
What is the optimal range for VLDL Cholesterol?
The standard reference range for VLDL Cholesterol is Normal:5-40 mg/dL. Optimal ranges may differ based on individual health goals and expert recommendations.
Which blood test providers include VLDL Cholesterol?
16 out of 22 blood testing providers include VLDL Cholesterol in their panels. This biomarker is widely available across major providers.
What category does VLDL Cholesterol fall under?
VLDL Cholesterol is categorized under Lipid Panel / Cardiovascular Health. This category includes biomarkers that help assess related aspects of health and wellness.
Medical Disclaimer
This information is for educational purposes only and is not medical advice. Always consult with a qualified healthcare provider about your specific health needs.
Last reviewed:2026-02-20